Chapter 31 # 1-7 Presentation
Chapter #32 Identifications
The Republican "Old Guard" Returns
Know:Warren Harding, Ohio Gang
1. What flaws did Warren Harding possess?
Warren Harding, the republican president after Wilson, was noted for being very popular with the people and also very friendly. However, he was also known for being very easily tricked, in other words gullible, and not that much smarter than the average citizen. He sought to have the best cabinet around him, and although he chose a few of the best people suited for their jobs such as Charles Evans Hughes, Andrew Mellon and also Herbert Hoover; he also chose people he thought he could trust but actually couldn’t such as Albert B. Fall who was a schemer and against conserving and also Harry M. Daugherty, who was easily bribed as attorney general.
GOP Reaction at the Throttle
2. What pro-business policies were taken by the government during the Harding administration.
Harding’s administration was a very traditional one, in which many of the progressive cases were halted or even reversed. Harding had to appoint 4 new judges for the Supreme Court, and he chose 3 traditional ones and also former president William Taft, who was the most liberal of the 4 new judges. With the Harding administration, America returned back to laissez-faire, which encouraged less government limitations on companies. They also reversed child labor laws and in Adkins v Children’s Hospital, they actually overturned the women’s minimum wage. They also turned back many anti-trust laws and encouraged big businesses to reign again.
The Aftermath of War
Know: Railway Labor Board, American Legion, Adjusted Compensation Act
3. What effects did the war have on the post-war economy?
The economy did not prosper after the war. In addition to war debts, many ex-soldiers demanded 'adjusted compensation' to make up for the wages they 'lost' after joining the army. Congress passed the Adjusted Compensation Act in 1924, which gave every former soldier an insurance policy due in twenty years and added about $3.5 billion to the total war cost. Labor also suffered; strikes were brutally dealt with by exploiting ethnic and racial divisions among the workers.
America Seeks Benefits Without Burdens
Know: Unofficial Observers, Charles Evans Hughes, Five-Power Naval Treaty, Four-Power Treaty, Nine-Power Treaty, Kellogg-Briand Pact
4. How did the U.S. take the lead in disarmament in the 20's?
The United States, led by then-president Warren G. Harding, took the lead in disarmament in the 1920's by creating the Five-Power Naval Treaty and the
Four-Power Treaty between Britain, Japan, France, and the United States. These treaties said to cut down on the amounts of battleships and aircrafts produced and used.
Hiking the Tariff Higher
Know: Fordney-McCumber Tariff Law
5. What effects were produced by high American tariffs?
Since bussinesses in America need to have a higher tariff to protect themselves against cheaper European goods, the Fordney-McCumber Tarrif Law was passed. Rates were raised from 27 % to 38.5%. Although this was good for America, Europe owed them some money, and because of the high tariffs, they aren't able to pay back the money they owed.
The Stench of Scandal
Know:Charles R. Forbes, Albert B. Fall, Teapot Dome, Harry M. Daugherty
6."Such was his [Harding's] weakness that he tolerated people and conditions that subjected the Republic to its worst disgrace since the days of
President Grant." Explain
During Harding's term, there has been much corruption within it. Charles R. Forbes skimmed money as Chief of Veteran Burea. One of the scandals was the Teapot Dome where secretary of Interior Albert B. Fall landed oil under his name and then accepted bribes for oil drilling rights. Attorney General Harry M. Daugherty was heard of selling pardons and liquior permits during prohibition. These scandals made people skeptical of the trust in the court system.
“Silent Cal” Coolidge
Know: Calvin Coolidge
7. Do the nicknames, "Silent Cal" and "Cautious Cal" accurately describe the Coolidge presidency?
•Both of Coolidge's nicknames were true descriptions for the five and a half years of his presidency. During the duration of his presidency he never performed or authorized any rash or controversial actions and decisions. Businesses favored him because he didn't bother to take any risks in their domain unlike many of his predecessors. His nickname "Silent Cal" suits his personality perfectly because he actually didn't talk much and his inability to have powerful speeches most likely stemmed from his silent personality.
The Republican "Old Guard" Returns
Know:Warren Harding, Ohio Gang
1. What flaws did Warren Harding possess?
Warren Harding, the republican president after Wilson, was noted for being very popular with the people and also very friendly. However, he was also known for being very easily tricked, in other words gullible, and not that much smarter than the average citizen. He sought to have the best cabinet around him, and although he chose a few of the best people suited for their jobs such as Charles Evans Hughes, Andrew Mellon and also Herbert Hoover; he also chose people he thought he could trust but actually couldn’t such as Albert B. Fall who was a schemer and against conserving and also Harry M. Daugherty, who was easily bribed as attorney general.
GOP Reaction at the Throttle
2. What pro-business policies were taken by the government during the Harding administration.
Harding’s administration was a very traditional one, in which many of the progressive cases were halted or even reversed. Harding had to appoint 4 new judges for the Supreme Court, and he chose 3 traditional ones and also former president William Taft, who was the most liberal of the 4 new judges. With the Harding administration, America returned back to laissez-faire, which encouraged less government limitations on companies. They also reversed child labor laws and in Adkins v Children’s Hospital, they actually overturned the women’s minimum wage. They also turned back many anti-trust laws and encouraged big businesses to reign again.
The Aftermath of War
Know: Railway Labor Board, American Legion, Adjusted Compensation Act
3. What effects did the war have on the post-war economy?
The economy did not prosper after the war. In addition to war debts, many ex-soldiers demanded 'adjusted compensation' to make up for the wages they 'lost' after joining the army. Congress passed the Adjusted Compensation Act in 1924, which gave every former soldier an insurance policy due in twenty years and added about $3.5 billion to the total war cost. Labor also suffered; strikes were brutally dealt with by exploiting ethnic and racial divisions among the workers.
America Seeks Benefits Without Burdens
Know: Unofficial Observers, Charles Evans Hughes, Five-Power Naval Treaty, Four-Power Treaty, Nine-Power Treaty, Kellogg-Briand Pact
4. How did the U.S. take the lead in disarmament in the 20's?
The United States, led by then-president Warren G. Harding, took the lead in disarmament in the 1920's by creating the Five-Power Naval Treaty and the
Four-Power Treaty between Britain, Japan, France, and the United States. These treaties said to cut down on the amounts of battleships and aircrafts produced and used.
Hiking the Tariff Higher
Know: Fordney-McCumber Tariff Law
5. What effects were produced by high American tariffs?
Since bussinesses in America need to have a higher tariff to protect themselves against cheaper European goods, the Fordney-McCumber Tarrif Law was passed. Rates were raised from 27 % to 38.5%. Although this was good for America, Europe owed them some money, and because of the high tariffs, they aren't able to pay back the money they owed.
The Stench of Scandal
Know:Charles R. Forbes, Albert B. Fall, Teapot Dome, Harry M. Daugherty
6."Such was his [Harding's] weakness that he tolerated people and conditions that subjected the Republic to its worst disgrace since the days of
President Grant." Explain
During Harding's term, there has been much corruption within it. Charles R. Forbes skimmed money as Chief of Veteran Burea. One of the scandals was the Teapot Dome where secretary of Interior Albert B. Fall landed oil under his name and then accepted bribes for oil drilling rights. Attorney General Harry M. Daugherty was heard of selling pardons and liquior permits during prohibition. These scandals made people skeptical of the trust in the court system.
“Silent Cal” Coolidge
Know: Calvin Coolidge
7. Do the nicknames, "Silent Cal" and "Cautious Cal" accurately describe the Coolidge presidency?
•Both of Coolidge's nicknames were true descriptions for the five and a half years of his presidency. During the duration of his presidency he never performed or authorized any rash or controversial actions and decisions. Businesses favored him because he didn't bother to take any risks in their domain unlike many of his predecessors. His nickname "Silent Cal" suits his personality perfectly because he actually didn't talk much and his inability to have powerful speeches most likely stemmed from his silent personality.