Chapter 35 Study Guide
Chapter #35: IDENTIFICATIONS
A. Philip Randolph- He was the leader of the African-American civil-rights movement, and the American labor movement. He organized and led the first Black labor union. In the early civil rights movement he led the March on Washington Movement.
George S. Patton- He was the general in the U.S. army and is best known for his command in the European Theater of World War II. He has an exensive military background and has attended the U.S. military academy.
Albert Einstein- He is one of the German scientist who fled Germany once the Nazis started to come in and take control of the area. He was the one who took on the secret project, The Manhattan Project, to creating the World's first atomic bomb.
Office of Price Administration - This was passed in order to regulate the prices of the crops that were grow. During World War II, agricultural production skyrocked and meant that the prices were high.
Fair Employment Practice Commission- This required companies with government contracts not to discriminate on the basis of race or religion. This was passed to help the African Americans.
D-Day- This was the Allied attack on the beaches of Normandy and could be known as the turning point of the war.
V-E Day- This was Victory in Europe Day and celebrated as a public holiday to mark the date when the Allies accepted the unconditional surrender of the Nazi Germany forces.
Manhattan Project- This was the secret project of the U.S. creating the world's first atomic bomb.
Braceros- The Braceros program was when Mexican workers came to America so that they would harvest their crops.
Chapter #35: Guided Reading Questions
The Allies Trade Space for Time
Know: Germany First
1. "America's task was far more complex and back-breaking [in World War II] than in World War I." Explain.
As in World War I, the U.S. was brought into the war because of revenge for the things that were destroyed by other countries. In World War II, the U.S. wanted to get revenge on the Japanese for the attack on Pearl Harbor. However, before they attack them, they went to Germany first and help Britain from getting into German hands. the problem was that they needed to have time to get ready for the war and caused the shift in production to total war.
The Shock of War
Know: Axis Powers, Internment Camps, Korematsu v. U.S.
2. How did the war affect liberal ideals and goals at home?
Since the U.S. people wanted to get revenge from the attack on Pearl Habor, they were united as one. There were no discrimination except for Japanese Americans. The reason they were mistreated and sent to internment camps is because the government believd that they were spies and had ulterior motives. When the war began, the New Deal programs were shut down and many people were willing to get their hands dirty to be a part of the cause.
Building the War Machine
Know: War Production Board, War Labor Board
3. What effects did the war have on manufacturing, agriculture and labor?
As the U.S. was getting ready for the war, many people strive to get the job done so that they could get into battle sooner. An example is Henry J. Kaiser and his crew who could build a ship in two weeks. The War Production Board was also made to take control of the industries. Normal productions were stopped in order to start weapons manifacture. The agricultural production also skyrocked and in order to regulate prices, the Office of Price Administration was passed.
Makers of America: The Japanese
Know: Matthew Perry, Meiji Government, Picture Brides, Gentleman's Agreement, Issei, Nissei
4. In what way can it be said that the reason's for Japanese immigrants' success also caused them trouble?
The Japanese immigrants were at first welcomes because of the skills that they brought with them when they came to America. When the attack on Pearl Harbor occured, people were unhappy with the Japanese Americans. Although they were not exactly spies, the government and people still believed that they were working for the Japanese and should be sent to internment camps as precaution.
Manpower and Womanpower
Know: WAACS, WAVES, SPARS, GI, Braceros, Rosie the Riveter
5. What opportunities were opened to women as a result of the war?
Since the men left for the war, the women were back to doing a man's job. The Bracero program was passed to have workers from Mexico to harves crops. Women also took jobs such as building planes, artillery, shells, thanks, and everything the military needed for the war. Women once again proved themselves to be just as strong as men. The symbol for this strength is Rosie the Riveter with her sleeve rolled up and a rivet gun in her head.
Wartime Migrations
Know: A. Philip Randolph, Fair Employment Practices Commission, Double V, CORE, Code Talkers, Zoot Suit Riots
6. What effect did the war have on the nation's minorities?
Because of the Depression, people wre forced to move out of their state in search of new jobs. The African- Americans moved from the South to the North in hopes for a better future. An example is A. Philip Randolp who prepared "Nero March on Washington" to ask for more blanks in defense jobs and military. In response, FDR passed the Fair Employment Practices Commission to serve as a watchgog on discrimination ban.
Holding the Homefront
7. What economic effects resulted from American participation in the war?
Because the U.S. went into the war, they were able to benefit from it. The Gross National Product, corporate profits, and disposable income doubled. Inflation would rise as well. Even thought the New Deal programs helped lessen the problems from the Depression, the war was what led the nation to a brighter future. The Great Depression ended because of the production for WWII.
The Rising Sun in the Pacific
Know: Douglas MacArthur, Bataan Death March
8. Describe Japanese victories in the Pacific in the months following Pearl Harbor.
After the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japan started taking over island such as Guam, Wake Island, the Philippines, Hong King, British Malaya, Burma, the Ducth East Indies, and much of coastal china. After the lost of the Philippines, the Japanese forced the captured soldiers on the "Bataan Death March" where many died if they stumbled. The U.S. had to give eup and surrender the Corregidor in manila habor.
Japan's High Tide at Midway
Know: Battle of the Coral Sea, Midway, Chester Nimitz
9. Why was Midway an important battle?
the Battle of Coral Sea was the world's first naval battle where the ships didn't tsee each other. With the help of intercepted messages, Chester Nimitz sent the U.S. fleet to have the Battle of Midway. This was an important battle because four Japanese aircraft carriers were sunk and it became the turning point in the Pacific war. From that point on, the Japanese would no longer win and expand its grounds.
American Leapfrogging Toward Tokyo
Know: Guadalcanal, Island Hopping, Guam
10. What strategy did the United States use to defeat the Japanese?
After the Battle of Midway, the U.S. used the policy of "island hopping" which means that they were not to attack the main base but take the weaker islands in order to create airbases on them. Once the small ones were taken, the big islands would be bombed or strangled of resources. Douglas MacArthur led the south while Chester Nimitz was in the central Pacific.
The Allied Halting of Hitler
Know: Wolf Packs, Enigma, Erwin Rommel, Bernard Montgomery, El Alamein, Battle of Stalingrad
11. "The war against Hitler looked much better at the end of 1942 than it had in the beginning." Explain.
During the beginning of World War II, America wanted to be isolated and decided not to help their Allies in doing so. This meant that Britain and France had to fight Germany by themselves. Once France was taken, the Britist had to struggle from getting capture as well. In 1942, America was now in the war and could freely help her Allies by sending troops, weapons, and supplies. Also, "enigma code" allowed the U.S. to locate German U-boat wolfpacks.
A Second Front from North Africa to Rome
Know: Soft Underbelly of Europe, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Casablanca, Sicily
12. Describe the purpose and outcome of the Invasion of North Africa.
Both Britain and America wanted to help the battle in Russia by steering away Germany's attention. To do so, the Allies need to attack North Africa and through Italy. In the Casablanca Conference, the plan was that they agree to seek "unconditional surrender" of Germany. Eisenhower would lead the attack on North Africa. Once they were in Sicily, Mussolini was overthrown and they surrendered. The outcome was that they defeated Italy and got some of Hitler's men and supplies.
D-Day: June 6, 1944
Know: Teheran, D-Day, Normandy, George Patton
13. Why could June 6, 1944 be considered THE turning point of the war?
June 6, 1944 could be considered as the turning point of the war since Germany was now on the defense. From the starting point of D-Day, they didn't win any battles and could only go further into the heart of Germany in every retreat. The Allies were successful in gaining Normandy and spread out their troops from that point on. France was also liberated from Germany and boosted the morale for the Allies.
FDR: The Fourth-Termite of 1944
Know: Thomas Dewey, Henry Wallace, Harry S Truman
14. Why was the choice of a vice-presidential candidate important and difficult for the democrats in 1944?
In the election of 1944, the Republican party nominated Thomas E. Dewey was the presidential candidate and FDR was nominated for a fourth term for the Democrats. They had no other choice on the presidential candidate, but they had some difficulties with who the vice president would be. Harry S. Truman was nominated and he was largely without enemies.
Roosevelt Defeats Dewey
Know: Fala
15. What factors led to Roosevelt's victory over Dewey?
Dewey campaigned against Roosevelt saying that it was a time for change and FDR didn't campaign until the election day was near. The reason Roosevelt won against Dewey was because he got a lot of financial help from the new political action committee. They were set up to avoid a ban on using union money for politics. Another reason that he won was because the war was moving along well.
The Last Days of Hitler
Know: Battle of the Bulge, "Nuts," Elbe River, Holocaust, V-E Day
16. Describe the last six months of war in Europe.
After D-Day, the Germans continued to retreat but they made one push at the Ardenne Forest. The U.S. troops held on at Bastogne with A.C. McCauliffe as their general. Once they had reinforcement, the Battle of the Bulge was an Allied victory and they pushed on toward Berlin. Russia was also doing the same on their side. As they kept moving forward, they found evidence of the Holocaust. Once the Russians reached the Germans, Hitler killed himself and Franklin Roosevelt died.
Japan Dies Hard
Know: Iwo Jima, Okinawa, Kamikazes
17. Explain the meaning of the title of this section.
The title is just as it means. Japan would surrender after much suffering. American submarines destroyed Japanese merchant ships and American bombers bomb cities. After New Guinea, MacArthur was able to get back Filipino at the Leyte Gulf. At that point, the Japanese navy was destroyed and soon the larger islands were being taken over such as Iwa Jima and Okinawa. As their last resort, the Japanese used suicide pilots as weapons.
The Atomic Bombs
Know: Potsdam, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Hirohito
18. What was the military impact of the atomic bomb?
At the Potsdam Conference, Japan either had to surrender or be destroyed. During this time, Albert Einstein was working on a project to build the atomic bomb. The Manhattan Project was the development of building the world's first atomic bomb. Testing was made in Alamogordo and once it was ready, the U.S. bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki. After that, the Japanese surrendered and other countries now scrambled to make their own atomic bomb.
The Allies Triumphant
Know: George Marshall
19. "This complex conflict was the best fought war in America's history." Explain
Despite the many wars before WWII that America was a part of, this war was to be the best. A positive outcome of the war is that the U.S. was able to get out of the Great Depression through the mass production on war materials. They came out the top nation while other nations were beaten down and had to go through a time of recovering. The reason they were able to have this result is because they had great leaders, resources, and industry.
Varying Viewpoints: The Atomic Bombs: Were They Justified?
20. What questions concerning WWII have historians attempted to answer?
Some historians have questions concerning WWII that are trying to be answered such as the moral misgivings on the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Some believed that the U.S. was being racist because they were dropping bombs on non white people areas. Others are led to believe that the second bombing on Nagaski wasn't necessary to bring out the end of World War II.
A. Philip Randolph- He was the leader of the African-American civil-rights movement, and the American labor movement. He organized and led the first Black labor union. In the early civil rights movement he led the March on Washington Movement.
George S. Patton- He was the general in the U.S. army and is best known for his command in the European Theater of World War II. He has an exensive military background and has attended the U.S. military academy.
Albert Einstein- He is one of the German scientist who fled Germany once the Nazis started to come in and take control of the area. He was the one who took on the secret project, The Manhattan Project, to creating the World's first atomic bomb.
Office of Price Administration - This was passed in order to regulate the prices of the crops that were grow. During World War II, agricultural production skyrocked and meant that the prices were high.
Fair Employment Practice Commission- This required companies with government contracts not to discriminate on the basis of race or religion. This was passed to help the African Americans.
D-Day- This was the Allied attack on the beaches of Normandy and could be known as the turning point of the war.
V-E Day- This was Victory in Europe Day and celebrated as a public holiday to mark the date when the Allies accepted the unconditional surrender of the Nazi Germany forces.
Manhattan Project- This was the secret project of the U.S. creating the world's first atomic bomb.
Braceros- The Braceros program was when Mexican workers came to America so that they would harvest their crops.
Chapter #35: Guided Reading Questions
The Allies Trade Space for Time
Know: Germany First
1. "America's task was far more complex and back-breaking [in World War II] than in World War I." Explain.
As in World War I, the U.S. was brought into the war because of revenge for the things that were destroyed by other countries. In World War II, the U.S. wanted to get revenge on the Japanese for the attack on Pearl Harbor. However, before they attack them, they went to Germany first and help Britain from getting into German hands. the problem was that they needed to have time to get ready for the war and caused the shift in production to total war.
The Shock of War
Know: Axis Powers, Internment Camps, Korematsu v. U.S.
2. How did the war affect liberal ideals and goals at home?
Since the U.S. people wanted to get revenge from the attack on Pearl Habor, they were united as one. There were no discrimination except for Japanese Americans. The reason they were mistreated and sent to internment camps is because the government believd that they were spies and had ulterior motives. When the war began, the New Deal programs were shut down and many people were willing to get their hands dirty to be a part of the cause.
Building the War Machine
Know: War Production Board, War Labor Board
3. What effects did the war have on manufacturing, agriculture and labor?
As the U.S. was getting ready for the war, many people strive to get the job done so that they could get into battle sooner. An example is Henry J. Kaiser and his crew who could build a ship in two weeks. The War Production Board was also made to take control of the industries. Normal productions were stopped in order to start weapons manifacture. The agricultural production also skyrocked and in order to regulate prices, the Office of Price Administration was passed.
Makers of America: The Japanese
Know: Matthew Perry, Meiji Government, Picture Brides, Gentleman's Agreement, Issei, Nissei
4. In what way can it be said that the reason's for Japanese immigrants' success also caused them trouble?
The Japanese immigrants were at first welcomes because of the skills that they brought with them when they came to America. When the attack on Pearl Harbor occured, people were unhappy with the Japanese Americans. Although they were not exactly spies, the government and people still believed that they were working for the Japanese and should be sent to internment camps as precaution.
Manpower and Womanpower
Know: WAACS, WAVES, SPARS, GI, Braceros, Rosie the Riveter
5. What opportunities were opened to women as a result of the war?
Since the men left for the war, the women were back to doing a man's job. The Bracero program was passed to have workers from Mexico to harves crops. Women also took jobs such as building planes, artillery, shells, thanks, and everything the military needed for the war. Women once again proved themselves to be just as strong as men. The symbol for this strength is Rosie the Riveter with her sleeve rolled up and a rivet gun in her head.
Wartime Migrations
Know: A. Philip Randolph, Fair Employment Practices Commission, Double V, CORE, Code Talkers, Zoot Suit Riots
6. What effect did the war have on the nation's minorities?
Because of the Depression, people wre forced to move out of their state in search of new jobs. The African- Americans moved from the South to the North in hopes for a better future. An example is A. Philip Randolp who prepared "Nero March on Washington" to ask for more blanks in defense jobs and military. In response, FDR passed the Fair Employment Practices Commission to serve as a watchgog on discrimination ban.
Holding the Homefront
7. What economic effects resulted from American participation in the war?
Because the U.S. went into the war, they were able to benefit from it. The Gross National Product, corporate profits, and disposable income doubled. Inflation would rise as well. Even thought the New Deal programs helped lessen the problems from the Depression, the war was what led the nation to a brighter future. The Great Depression ended because of the production for WWII.
The Rising Sun in the Pacific
Know: Douglas MacArthur, Bataan Death March
8. Describe Japanese victories in the Pacific in the months following Pearl Harbor.
After the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japan started taking over island such as Guam, Wake Island, the Philippines, Hong King, British Malaya, Burma, the Ducth East Indies, and much of coastal china. After the lost of the Philippines, the Japanese forced the captured soldiers on the "Bataan Death March" where many died if they stumbled. The U.S. had to give eup and surrender the Corregidor in manila habor.
Japan's High Tide at Midway
Know: Battle of the Coral Sea, Midway, Chester Nimitz
9. Why was Midway an important battle?
the Battle of Coral Sea was the world's first naval battle where the ships didn't tsee each other. With the help of intercepted messages, Chester Nimitz sent the U.S. fleet to have the Battle of Midway. This was an important battle because four Japanese aircraft carriers were sunk and it became the turning point in the Pacific war. From that point on, the Japanese would no longer win and expand its grounds.
American Leapfrogging Toward Tokyo
Know: Guadalcanal, Island Hopping, Guam
10. What strategy did the United States use to defeat the Japanese?
After the Battle of Midway, the U.S. used the policy of "island hopping" which means that they were not to attack the main base but take the weaker islands in order to create airbases on them. Once the small ones were taken, the big islands would be bombed or strangled of resources. Douglas MacArthur led the south while Chester Nimitz was in the central Pacific.
The Allied Halting of Hitler
Know: Wolf Packs, Enigma, Erwin Rommel, Bernard Montgomery, El Alamein, Battle of Stalingrad
11. "The war against Hitler looked much better at the end of 1942 than it had in the beginning." Explain.
During the beginning of World War II, America wanted to be isolated and decided not to help their Allies in doing so. This meant that Britain and France had to fight Germany by themselves. Once France was taken, the Britist had to struggle from getting capture as well. In 1942, America was now in the war and could freely help her Allies by sending troops, weapons, and supplies. Also, "enigma code" allowed the U.S. to locate German U-boat wolfpacks.
A Second Front from North Africa to Rome
Know: Soft Underbelly of Europe, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Casablanca, Sicily
12. Describe the purpose and outcome of the Invasion of North Africa.
Both Britain and America wanted to help the battle in Russia by steering away Germany's attention. To do so, the Allies need to attack North Africa and through Italy. In the Casablanca Conference, the plan was that they agree to seek "unconditional surrender" of Germany. Eisenhower would lead the attack on North Africa. Once they were in Sicily, Mussolini was overthrown and they surrendered. The outcome was that they defeated Italy and got some of Hitler's men and supplies.
D-Day: June 6, 1944
Know: Teheran, D-Day, Normandy, George Patton
13. Why could June 6, 1944 be considered THE turning point of the war?
June 6, 1944 could be considered as the turning point of the war since Germany was now on the defense. From the starting point of D-Day, they didn't win any battles and could only go further into the heart of Germany in every retreat. The Allies were successful in gaining Normandy and spread out their troops from that point on. France was also liberated from Germany and boosted the morale for the Allies.
FDR: The Fourth-Termite of 1944
Know: Thomas Dewey, Henry Wallace, Harry S Truman
14. Why was the choice of a vice-presidential candidate important and difficult for the democrats in 1944?
In the election of 1944, the Republican party nominated Thomas E. Dewey was the presidential candidate and FDR was nominated for a fourth term for the Democrats. They had no other choice on the presidential candidate, but they had some difficulties with who the vice president would be. Harry S. Truman was nominated and he was largely without enemies.
Roosevelt Defeats Dewey
Know: Fala
15. What factors led to Roosevelt's victory over Dewey?
Dewey campaigned against Roosevelt saying that it was a time for change and FDR didn't campaign until the election day was near. The reason Roosevelt won against Dewey was because he got a lot of financial help from the new political action committee. They were set up to avoid a ban on using union money for politics. Another reason that he won was because the war was moving along well.
The Last Days of Hitler
Know: Battle of the Bulge, "Nuts," Elbe River, Holocaust, V-E Day
16. Describe the last six months of war in Europe.
After D-Day, the Germans continued to retreat but they made one push at the Ardenne Forest. The U.S. troops held on at Bastogne with A.C. McCauliffe as their general. Once they had reinforcement, the Battle of the Bulge was an Allied victory and they pushed on toward Berlin. Russia was also doing the same on their side. As they kept moving forward, they found evidence of the Holocaust. Once the Russians reached the Germans, Hitler killed himself and Franklin Roosevelt died.
Japan Dies Hard
Know: Iwo Jima, Okinawa, Kamikazes
17. Explain the meaning of the title of this section.
The title is just as it means. Japan would surrender after much suffering. American submarines destroyed Japanese merchant ships and American bombers bomb cities. After New Guinea, MacArthur was able to get back Filipino at the Leyte Gulf. At that point, the Japanese navy was destroyed and soon the larger islands were being taken over such as Iwa Jima and Okinawa. As their last resort, the Japanese used suicide pilots as weapons.
The Atomic Bombs
Know: Potsdam, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Hirohito
18. What was the military impact of the atomic bomb?
At the Potsdam Conference, Japan either had to surrender or be destroyed. During this time, Albert Einstein was working on a project to build the atomic bomb. The Manhattan Project was the development of building the world's first atomic bomb. Testing was made in Alamogordo and once it was ready, the U.S. bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki. After that, the Japanese surrendered and other countries now scrambled to make their own atomic bomb.
The Allies Triumphant
Know: George Marshall
19. "This complex conflict was the best fought war in America's history." Explain
Despite the many wars before WWII that America was a part of, this war was to be the best. A positive outcome of the war is that the U.S. was able to get out of the Great Depression through the mass production on war materials. They came out the top nation while other nations were beaten down and had to go through a time of recovering. The reason they were able to have this result is because they had great leaders, resources, and industry.
Varying Viewpoints: The Atomic Bombs: Were They Justified?
20. What questions concerning WWII have historians attempted to answer?
Some historians have questions concerning WWII that are trying to be answered such as the moral misgivings on the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Some believed that the U.S. was being racist because they were dropping bombs on non white people areas. Others are led to believe that the second bombing on Nagaski wasn't necessary to bring out the end of World War II.