Study Guide Chapter 39
Chapter #39 IDENTIFICATIONS
Spiro Agnew - He was an American politician who served as the 39th vice president of the U.S. serving under Richard Nixon. He served as an officer during World War II and called for service during the Korean War.
Henry Kissinger - German-born American writer who received the Nobel peace Prize and served as National Security Advisor and later as Secretary of Sates in the administrations of President Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford.
Earl Warren- He was Chief Justice of the U.S. and governor of California. He was known for the decisions of the Warren Court which ended school segregation in Brown v. Board and transformed many areas of Amerian law.
Warren Burger - He was the Chief Justice of the U.S. and had conservative leanings. He was considered and orginalist and he dealt a variety of decisions on abortion, capital punishment, religious establishment, and school desegregation.
George McGovern - He was an American historian and presidential nominee in the election of 1972. He volunteered for the U.S. Army Air Forces in the U.S. entry of World War II.
John Dean - He served as White House Counsel to U.S. president Richard Nixon. He became involved in events leading up to the Watergate burglaries and Watergate scandal cover-up.
Shah of Iran- He was Mohammad Reza pahlavi who was placed in charged of Iran through the U.S. but was later overthrown in the Iranian Revolution by ruhollah Khomeini.
Aytollah Khomeini- He was an Iranian religious leader and politician. In the Iranian Revolution, he was the leader and saw the overthrow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
Détente- This is the easing of strained relations especially in political situations. This is usually used in reference to the general easing of geo-political tensions between the Soviet Union and the U.S.
Vietnamization - This was the policy of Nixon administrated during the Vietnam War and result of the Tet Offensive. This trained South Vietnam's forces and assigned to them an ever-increasing combat role.
Nixon Doctrine- This was put forth during a "silent Majority" speech in a press conference in Guam. Nixon stated that the U.S. would assist in the defense and developments of allies and friends but would not undertake all the defense.
My Lai massacre- This was the Vietnam War mass murder between 347 and 504 unarmed civilians in South Vietnam ordered by soldiers of "Charlie" company.
Kent State Killings- This occured at Kent State University in the U.S. and involved the shooting of unarmed college students by the Ohio National Guard. this is also called the May 4 massacre.
Pentagon Papers- This is a U.S. Department of Defense history of the U.S political-military involvement in Vitenam. They were brought to attention of the public on the front page of the New York Times.
S.A.L.T- The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks refers to two rounds of talks on international treaties involving the United States and the Soviet Union. Negotiations commences in Finland and led to the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty.
Watergate Scandal - Political scandal that occurred in the U.S. as a result of the break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate office Complex.
C.R.E.E.P- Committee for the Re-Election of the President employed money laundering and slush funds directly and actively involved in the Watergate Scandal.
War Powers Act- This is a federal law intended to check the President's power to commit the United States to an Armed conflict without consent of Congress and was adopted in the form of a joint resolution.
OPEC- Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries Is intergovernmental. Its mission is to secure a return to oil investors and an economic supply of oil to consumers.
Iran Hostage Crisis- This was a diplomatic crisis between iran and the U.S. in which 52 Americans were held hostage for 444 days after a group of Islamist students and militants took over the Americacn Embassy in Tehran in support of the Iranian revolution.
Chapter #39 Guided Reading Questions
Sources of Stagnation
Know: Productivity, Inflation
1. Describe the economic problems faced by the United States in the 1970s.
Even though Women and teens entered the workforce in a large numbers, they were less skilled and often had only temporary jobs. The Machinery was also getting old during this time and run down. The major cause of economic problems was the spiral of inflation that the Vitenam War caused. The increase in oil prices and prices had to go up because the boom-years put more money in people's hands.
Nixon "Vietnamizes" the War
Know: Liberal Establishment, Vietnamization, Silent Majority, Nattering Nabobs of Negativism, My Lai
2. What was President Nixon’s plan for getting the US out of Vietnam?
Nixon's idea of vietnamizaion became the Nixon Doctrine. This stated that the U.S. would honor its commitment but the Vietnamese would have to go without massive American troop numbers. This idea allowed him to be elected but America was still divided with people who want more action and others who want to leave. Later on Nixon would appeal to the "silent majority" without the sound of protestors.
Cambodianizing the Vietnam War
Know: Cambodia, Kent State University, Twenty-sixth Amendment, Pentagon Papers, Daniel Ellsberg
3. What developments caused many people to become even more critical of the war in 1970 and 1971?
The North Vietnamese used their neighbor as staging-ground for atacks which the U.S. troops are not able to get to. However, the North was able to channel supplies through Cambodie down the "ho Chi Minh Trail". This led Nixon to oder U.S. to invade Cambodia. Some protestors were not happy with this and at Kent State University, the National Guard oepened fire. The division between the people deepened so Nixon pulled out of Cambodia.
Nixon's Detente with Beijing (Peking) and Moscow
Know: Henry Kissinger, Détente, ABM Treaty, SALT Treaty, MIRVs
4. What was the "China Card," and how did Nixon use it?
While China and the Soviet Union were fihting, national security adviser Kissinger met in Paris with North Vietnamese officials. Nixon visited both China nad Russia to have better relations and they were able to get a deal were U.S. would sell grain to Soviets. The Soviets also agreed to an Anti Ballistic missile reduction with the "Strategic Arms Limitations Talks". This brought about some ease in tensions known as "detente"
A New Team on the Supreme Bench
Know: Judicial Activism, Miranda, Engel v. Vitale, Warren Berger, Roe v. Wade
5. Why was Nixon unhappy with the Supreme Court?
Chief Justice Earl Warren made a shift to the liberal side and was an activist. Nixon wasn't happy which this since some cases stated that "all defendants were entitled to a lawyer and arrested individuals must be told their rights. Griswold v. Connecticut struck down state law banning use of "Right of privacy." Nixon wanted to change Court's liberal trend by nominating Warren E. Burger and four other conservative justice. However, they rule by what they wish.
Nixon on the Home Front
Know: Aid the Families with Dependent Children, Reverse Discrimination, Environmental Protection Agency, Occupational Health and Safety Administration, Silent Spring, Clean Air Act, Endangered Species Act, Southern Strategy
6. How conservative was President Nixon? Explain.
Money for Medicar, Medicaid, and Aid to Families with Dependent Children increased. The Supplemental Security Income created to help the disabled and Social Security would increase with inflation. Acts passed such as the Clean Air Act and the Endangered Species Act were passed to help encironmentalists. Nixon took off the U.S. gold standard and devalued the dollar to end the "Bretton Woods" system of currency.
The Nixon Landslide of 1972
Know: George McGovern
7. How did the situation in Vietnam help Nixon win a landslide in the 1972 election?
The Democrats nominated George McGovern while Nixon went for a second term. McGovern was supported by young adults and women. His campaign was hurt when his V.P. was receiving psychiatric treatment. Kissinger announced that "peace is at hand" and an agreement would be announced. Nixon ramping up the bombings in attempt to drie with north back help win his reelection.
The Secret Bombing of Cambodia and the War Powers Act
Know: Pol Pot, War Powers Act
8. What did Cambodia have to do with the War Powers Act?
Congress passed the War Powers Act so that the president must report to Congress of putting troops in harms way in a foreign country. There would also be a 60 to 90 day limit and this help start the "new isolationism." The U.S. made secret bombins of Cambodia and the "credibility gap" widened. The communist their help the non-communists and the result left a tyrant named Pol Pot kill two million of his own people.
Bombing North Vietnam to the Peace Table
9. "The shaky `peace' was in reality little more than a thinly disguised American retreat." Explain.
The U.S. involvement in Vietnam lead her economy to go down. As time passed, the U.S. were having trouble to contain the North in its area and fighting back. The dividing opinions within America didn't help the president make the right decisions when it came to bombing Vietnam. As a last resort, the U.S. decided to bomb Vietnam in order to try and gain some time to make a better comback against the North Vietnamese people.
The Arab Oil Embargo and the Energy Crisis
Know: OPEC
10. Explain the cause and effects of the Arab Oil Embargo.
Arab nations were made about their loss to Israel in the six-Day War. Egypt and Syria tried to attack Israel to win back land. Kissinger help keep the Soviets out of fray while America aided Israel. This made the Arab nations unpleased and caused them to place an embargo on oil. This caused the gas stations and the prices of gas to go up. The embargo was later lifted but America now new their mistake in supporting Israel.
Watergate and the Unmaking of a President
Know: Watergate, CREEP, Enemies List, Plumbers, John Dean, Executive Privilege, Spiro Agnew, Gerald Ford, Saturday Night Massacre
11. Of what wrongdoing was the Nixon administration guilty?
Five people were caught breaking into the Democratic party's headquaters and snooping files while planting microphones. They were part of the C.R.E.E.P. group and people started to question if Nixon knew about this. His V.P. also had a scandal involving past bribes and made him resigned. Gerald Ford was chosen as the new V.P. As people investigated the Watergate scandal, they accused Nixon of a cover-up and later found out about the tape recordings of all oval office conversations.
The First Unelected President
12. Did President do the right thing when he pardoned Nixon? Explain.
Gerald Ford was the first president becoming one without anyone voting for him. It wasn't a good idea to pardon Nixon because now people saw this as a corupted bargain. This would hurt his election in 1976 as he ran for president at that time. His popularity also went down wehn he gave amnesty to draft dodgers. His relation activites centered on the Helsinki accords with the U.S.S.R. This allowed America to get something in return.
Defeat in Vietnam
13. What was the cost (not in just money) of the Vietnam War?
In the end, America lost a potential ally when the North Vietnam overran and took over South Vietnam. American lost the war and was left in embarassment because of the time, money, and effort they spent to keep Vietnam from becoming communist like China. Even though the Americans regarded this as a tie, the reality was that America lost. Their pride went down because of this.
Feminist Victories and Defeats
Know: Title IX, ERA, Roe v. Wade
15. Why did the Equal Rights Amendment fail?
The Equal Rights Amendment was passed to bring equality by stating equal rights that can't be denied due to gender. This was brought about because of cases regarding women such as the Reed x. Reed and Frontiero v. Richardson which dealt with sex iscrimination in laws and jobs. Roe v. Wade legalized abortion. Many desbised this and the leader against ERA advocated traditional roles for women. ERA failed because they were three states short.
16. What difficulties did Vietnamese immigrants experience when they came to America?
After the Vietnamese war, America was suffering because they lost a potential ally to communism once more. Just like the treatment that the Japanese were given during World War II, the Vietnamese immigrants were treated the same way. In times of War, people based on their heritage are hated because of being potential spies. This is the same case since America is very paranoid.
The Seventies in Black and White
Know: Desegregation, white flight, affirmative action, United States v. Wheeler
17. Explain the significance of the Bakke case.
Milliken v. Bradley ruled that officials could not force students across district lines. "Affirmative action" led to charges of "reverse discrimination" and meant selection for colleges or jobs based on race, not on achievement. The Bakke case was when Bakke sued saying he'd been turned down due to policies that favored minorities. With his win, admission preferernce could not be based on race. This help balance student body's demographics.
The Bicentennial Campaign and the Carter Victory
Know: Jimmy Carter
18. Why did Jimmy Carter win the presidency in 1976?
The Democrats chose Jimmy Carter as their representative while Ford tried to get elected on his own. Since the republican "brand" had been tarnished by the Watergate scandal, Carter won with 297 to 240. It was a close race but Congress was heavily Democrat and Carter got a new Department of Energy established. Tax cuts went through and he was untainted by the supposed corruption of D.C.
Makers of America: The Feminists
19. Compare and contrast the first and second feminist waves.
The first feminst waves called for actions to make the government realize that women were just as eligible to work and have the same rights as men does. With the help of World War I and II, they were able to achieve this. Women were able to get a job after the World Wars, but this sparked a new feminist movement. The second wave called women to be a hosuewife again in order to be at home with the kids while the men do the job.
Carter's Humanitarian Diplomacy
Know: Anwar Sadat, Menachem Begin, Camp David Accords
20. Describe Carter's foreign policy achievements.
Carter expressed concern and support for the oppressed people of Zimbabwe. His most popular achievement was a middle east peace settlement. The Egyptian president Anwar Sadat and Israeli president Menachem Begin met Carter at Camp David. They agreed Israel would withdraw from lands gained in Six-Day War and Israel's borders would be respected. Relations with CHina were reestablished and another agreement plan to turn over panama canal to panama.
Economic and Energy Woes
Know: Shah of Iran
21. How did Carter react to the renewed energy crisis?
While inflation was rising by thirteen percent, the cost of importing oil went up. He proposed energy conservation laws but they weren't well received. Since interest rates were high, borrowing money was too expensive. In the Middle East, the shah of Iran was ousted by Islamic fundamentalists and the new governemnt took over the oil fields. Oil production went down and made Carter go to Camp David and scold America for its dependency.
Foreign Affairs and the Iranian Imbroglio
Know: Leonid Brezhnev, SALT II, Ayatollah Khomeini, Afghanistan, Hostage Crisis
22. What foreign policy problems plagued the second half of Carter's presidency?
In SALT II, Carter met with Brezhnev and agree to limit nuclear weapons but this was short lived since the Senate was reluctant to ratify the agreement. The Muslim radicals also stormed the U.S. embassy in Teheran and took everyone hostage. At that same time,the soviet union attacked an took over afghanistan to expand communism and threaten oil fields and production. This brought about the embargo on the U.S.S.R. and propose setting up "Rapid Deployment Force" for trouble -spots.
Spiro Agnew - He was an American politician who served as the 39th vice president of the U.S. serving under Richard Nixon. He served as an officer during World War II and called for service during the Korean War.
Henry Kissinger - German-born American writer who received the Nobel peace Prize and served as National Security Advisor and later as Secretary of Sates in the administrations of President Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford.
Earl Warren- He was Chief Justice of the U.S. and governor of California. He was known for the decisions of the Warren Court which ended school segregation in Brown v. Board and transformed many areas of Amerian law.
Warren Burger - He was the Chief Justice of the U.S. and had conservative leanings. He was considered and orginalist and he dealt a variety of decisions on abortion, capital punishment, religious establishment, and school desegregation.
George McGovern - He was an American historian and presidential nominee in the election of 1972. He volunteered for the U.S. Army Air Forces in the U.S. entry of World War II.
John Dean - He served as White House Counsel to U.S. president Richard Nixon. He became involved in events leading up to the Watergate burglaries and Watergate scandal cover-up.
Shah of Iran- He was Mohammad Reza pahlavi who was placed in charged of Iran through the U.S. but was later overthrown in the Iranian Revolution by ruhollah Khomeini.
Aytollah Khomeini- He was an Iranian religious leader and politician. In the Iranian Revolution, he was the leader and saw the overthrow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
Détente- This is the easing of strained relations especially in political situations. This is usually used in reference to the general easing of geo-political tensions between the Soviet Union and the U.S.
Vietnamization - This was the policy of Nixon administrated during the Vietnam War and result of the Tet Offensive. This trained South Vietnam's forces and assigned to them an ever-increasing combat role.
Nixon Doctrine- This was put forth during a "silent Majority" speech in a press conference in Guam. Nixon stated that the U.S. would assist in the defense and developments of allies and friends but would not undertake all the defense.
My Lai massacre- This was the Vietnam War mass murder between 347 and 504 unarmed civilians in South Vietnam ordered by soldiers of "Charlie" company.
Kent State Killings- This occured at Kent State University in the U.S. and involved the shooting of unarmed college students by the Ohio National Guard. this is also called the May 4 massacre.
Pentagon Papers- This is a U.S. Department of Defense history of the U.S political-military involvement in Vitenam. They were brought to attention of the public on the front page of the New York Times.
S.A.L.T- The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks refers to two rounds of talks on international treaties involving the United States and the Soviet Union. Negotiations commences in Finland and led to the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty.
Watergate Scandal - Political scandal that occurred in the U.S. as a result of the break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate office Complex.
C.R.E.E.P- Committee for the Re-Election of the President employed money laundering and slush funds directly and actively involved in the Watergate Scandal.
War Powers Act- This is a federal law intended to check the President's power to commit the United States to an Armed conflict without consent of Congress and was adopted in the form of a joint resolution.
OPEC- Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries Is intergovernmental. Its mission is to secure a return to oil investors and an economic supply of oil to consumers.
Iran Hostage Crisis- This was a diplomatic crisis between iran and the U.S. in which 52 Americans were held hostage for 444 days after a group of Islamist students and militants took over the Americacn Embassy in Tehran in support of the Iranian revolution.
Chapter #39 Guided Reading Questions
Sources of Stagnation
Know: Productivity, Inflation
1. Describe the economic problems faced by the United States in the 1970s.
Even though Women and teens entered the workforce in a large numbers, they were less skilled and often had only temporary jobs. The Machinery was also getting old during this time and run down. The major cause of economic problems was the spiral of inflation that the Vitenam War caused. The increase in oil prices and prices had to go up because the boom-years put more money in people's hands.
Nixon "Vietnamizes" the War
Know: Liberal Establishment, Vietnamization, Silent Majority, Nattering Nabobs of Negativism, My Lai
2. What was President Nixon’s plan for getting the US out of Vietnam?
Nixon's idea of vietnamizaion became the Nixon Doctrine. This stated that the U.S. would honor its commitment but the Vietnamese would have to go without massive American troop numbers. This idea allowed him to be elected but America was still divided with people who want more action and others who want to leave. Later on Nixon would appeal to the "silent majority" without the sound of protestors.
Cambodianizing the Vietnam War
Know: Cambodia, Kent State University, Twenty-sixth Amendment, Pentagon Papers, Daniel Ellsberg
3. What developments caused many people to become even more critical of the war in 1970 and 1971?
The North Vietnamese used their neighbor as staging-ground for atacks which the U.S. troops are not able to get to. However, the North was able to channel supplies through Cambodie down the "ho Chi Minh Trail". This led Nixon to oder U.S. to invade Cambodia. Some protestors were not happy with this and at Kent State University, the National Guard oepened fire. The division between the people deepened so Nixon pulled out of Cambodia.
Nixon's Detente with Beijing (Peking) and Moscow
Know: Henry Kissinger, Détente, ABM Treaty, SALT Treaty, MIRVs
4. What was the "China Card," and how did Nixon use it?
While China and the Soviet Union were fihting, national security adviser Kissinger met in Paris with North Vietnamese officials. Nixon visited both China nad Russia to have better relations and they were able to get a deal were U.S. would sell grain to Soviets. The Soviets also agreed to an Anti Ballistic missile reduction with the "Strategic Arms Limitations Talks". This brought about some ease in tensions known as "detente"
A New Team on the Supreme Bench
Know: Judicial Activism, Miranda, Engel v. Vitale, Warren Berger, Roe v. Wade
5. Why was Nixon unhappy with the Supreme Court?
Chief Justice Earl Warren made a shift to the liberal side and was an activist. Nixon wasn't happy which this since some cases stated that "all defendants were entitled to a lawyer and arrested individuals must be told their rights. Griswold v. Connecticut struck down state law banning use of "Right of privacy." Nixon wanted to change Court's liberal trend by nominating Warren E. Burger and four other conservative justice. However, they rule by what they wish.
Nixon on the Home Front
Know: Aid the Families with Dependent Children, Reverse Discrimination, Environmental Protection Agency, Occupational Health and Safety Administration, Silent Spring, Clean Air Act, Endangered Species Act, Southern Strategy
6. How conservative was President Nixon? Explain.
Money for Medicar, Medicaid, and Aid to Families with Dependent Children increased. The Supplemental Security Income created to help the disabled and Social Security would increase with inflation. Acts passed such as the Clean Air Act and the Endangered Species Act were passed to help encironmentalists. Nixon took off the U.S. gold standard and devalued the dollar to end the "Bretton Woods" system of currency.
The Nixon Landslide of 1972
Know: George McGovern
7. How did the situation in Vietnam help Nixon win a landslide in the 1972 election?
The Democrats nominated George McGovern while Nixon went for a second term. McGovern was supported by young adults and women. His campaign was hurt when his V.P. was receiving psychiatric treatment. Kissinger announced that "peace is at hand" and an agreement would be announced. Nixon ramping up the bombings in attempt to drie with north back help win his reelection.
The Secret Bombing of Cambodia and the War Powers Act
Know: Pol Pot, War Powers Act
8. What did Cambodia have to do with the War Powers Act?
Congress passed the War Powers Act so that the president must report to Congress of putting troops in harms way in a foreign country. There would also be a 60 to 90 day limit and this help start the "new isolationism." The U.S. made secret bombins of Cambodia and the "credibility gap" widened. The communist their help the non-communists and the result left a tyrant named Pol Pot kill two million of his own people.
Bombing North Vietnam to the Peace Table
9. "The shaky `peace' was in reality little more than a thinly disguised American retreat." Explain.
The U.S. involvement in Vietnam lead her economy to go down. As time passed, the U.S. were having trouble to contain the North in its area and fighting back. The dividing opinions within America didn't help the president make the right decisions when it came to bombing Vietnam. As a last resort, the U.S. decided to bomb Vietnam in order to try and gain some time to make a better comback against the North Vietnamese people.
The Arab Oil Embargo and the Energy Crisis
Know: OPEC
10. Explain the cause and effects of the Arab Oil Embargo.
Arab nations were made about their loss to Israel in the six-Day War. Egypt and Syria tried to attack Israel to win back land. Kissinger help keep the Soviets out of fray while America aided Israel. This made the Arab nations unpleased and caused them to place an embargo on oil. This caused the gas stations and the prices of gas to go up. The embargo was later lifted but America now new their mistake in supporting Israel.
Watergate and the Unmaking of a President
Know: Watergate, CREEP, Enemies List, Plumbers, John Dean, Executive Privilege, Spiro Agnew, Gerald Ford, Saturday Night Massacre
11. Of what wrongdoing was the Nixon administration guilty?
Five people were caught breaking into the Democratic party's headquaters and snooping files while planting microphones. They were part of the C.R.E.E.P. group and people started to question if Nixon knew about this. His V.P. also had a scandal involving past bribes and made him resigned. Gerald Ford was chosen as the new V.P. As people investigated the Watergate scandal, they accused Nixon of a cover-up and later found out about the tape recordings of all oval office conversations.
The First Unelected President
12. Did President do the right thing when he pardoned Nixon? Explain.
Gerald Ford was the first president becoming one without anyone voting for him. It wasn't a good idea to pardon Nixon because now people saw this as a corupted bargain. This would hurt his election in 1976 as he ran for president at that time. His popularity also went down wehn he gave amnesty to draft dodgers. His relation activites centered on the Helsinki accords with the U.S.S.R. This allowed America to get something in return.
Defeat in Vietnam
13. What was the cost (not in just money) of the Vietnam War?
In the end, America lost a potential ally when the North Vietnam overran and took over South Vietnam. American lost the war and was left in embarassment because of the time, money, and effort they spent to keep Vietnam from becoming communist like China. Even though the Americans regarded this as a tie, the reality was that America lost. Their pride went down because of this.
Feminist Victories and Defeats
Know: Title IX, ERA, Roe v. Wade
15. Why did the Equal Rights Amendment fail?
The Equal Rights Amendment was passed to bring equality by stating equal rights that can't be denied due to gender. This was brought about because of cases regarding women such as the Reed x. Reed and Frontiero v. Richardson which dealt with sex iscrimination in laws and jobs. Roe v. Wade legalized abortion. Many desbised this and the leader against ERA advocated traditional roles for women. ERA failed because they were three states short.
16. What difficulties did Vietnamese immigrants experience when they came to America?
After the Vietnamese war, America was suffering because they lost a potential ally to communism once more. Just like the treatment that the Japanese were given during World War II, the Vietnamese immigrants were treated the same way. In times of War, people based on their heritage are hated because of being potential spies. This is the same case since America is very paranoid.
The Seventies in Black and White
Know: Desegregation, white flight, affirmative action, United States v. Wheeler
17. Explain the significance of the Bakke case.
Milliken v. Bradley ruled that officials could not force students across district lines. "Affirmative action" led to charges of "reverse discrimination" and meant selection for colleges or jobs based on race, not on achievement. The Bakke case was when Bakke sued saying he'd been turned down due to policies that favored minorities. With his win, admission preferernce could not be based on race. This help balance student body's demographics.
The Bicentennial Campaign and the Carter Victory
Know: Jimmy Carter
18. Why did Jimmy Carter win the presidency in 1976?
The Democrats chose Jimmy Carter as their representative while Ford tried to get elected on his own. Since the republican "brand" had been tarnished by the Watergate scandal, Carter won with 297 to 240. It was a close race but Congress was heavily Democrat and Carter got a new Department of Energy established. Tax cuts went through and he was untainted by the supposed corruption of D.C.
Makers of America: The Feminists
19. Compare and contrast the first and second feminist waves.
The first feminst waves called for actions to make the government realize that women were just as eligible to work and have the same rights as men does. With the help of World War I and II, they were able to achieve this. Women were able to get a job after the World Wars, but this sparked a new feminist movement. The second wave called women to be a hosuewife again in order to be at home with the kids while the men do the job.
Carter's Humanitarian Diplomacy
Know: Anwar Sadat, Menachem Begin, Camp David Accords
20. Describe Carter's foreign policy achievements.
Carter expressed concern and support for the oppressed people of Zimbabwe. His most popular achievement was a middle east peace settlement. The Egyptian president Anwar Sadat and Israeli president Menachem Begin met Carter at Camp David. They agreed Israel would withdraw from lands gained in Six-Day War and Israel's borders would be respected. Relations with CHina were reestablished and another agreement plan to turn over panama canal to panama.
Economic and Energy Woes
Know: Shah of Iran
21. How did Carter react to the renewed energy crisis?
While inflation was rising by thirteen percent, the cost of importing oil went up. He proposed energy conservation laws but they weren't well received. Since interest rates were high, borrowing money was too expensive. In the Middle East, the shah of Iran was ousted by Islamic fundamentalists and the new governemnt took over the oil fields. Oil production went down and made Carter go to Camp David and scold America for its dependency.
Foreign Affairs and the Iranian Imbroglio
Know: Leonid Brezhnev, SALT II, Ayatollah Khomeini, Afghanistan, Hostage Crisis
22. What foreign policy problems plagued the second half of Carter's presidency?
In SALT II, Carter met with Brezhnev and agree to limit nuclear weapons but this was short lived since the Senate was reluctant to ratify the agreement. The Muslim radicals also stormed the U.S. embassy in Teheran and took everyone hostage. At that same time,the soviet union attacked an took over afghanistan to expand communism and threaten oil fields and production. This brought about the embargo on the U.S.S.R. and propose setting up "Rapid Deployment Force" for trouble -spots.